The Four Concepts Of Resilience

• Resilience as Rebound: Rebound is about returning to normal functioning after a disruption.
• Resilience as Robustness: Robustness is the ability of a system to resist known disruptions.
• Resilience as Graceful Extensibility: Graceful extensibility suggests the ability to grow from surprises which stands in contrast to robustness or graceful degradation, which only allow us to mitigate breakdowns.
• Resilience as Sustained Adaptability: Sustained adaptability addresses a system's dynamics over life cycles or multiple cycles. The architecture of the system needs to be equipped with the wherewithal to adapt when it will face predictable changes and challenges across its life cycle.

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• original paper